Inequality in Africa is driven by structural, social, and historical factors. These include a narrow productive base and low industrialization, unequal access to quality education and healthcare services, gender gaps in work and asset ownership, labour market rigidities and widespread informality. In addition, limited access to finance, rural-urban and spatial disparities, limited fiscal redistribution, and the enduring legacy of colonial and apartheid-era policies in shaping land and asset ownership. Young people are especially exposed, owing to high unemployment and their concentration in low-productivity informal employment. Read More